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Technical guides · Written by solar engineers

Solar system guides

Plain-English technical explainers for UK homeowners and installers. How solar batteries actually work. What CT clamps measure and why direction matters. What to check when your system is first installed. Written from hands-on experience, not from a marketing brief.

More guides are published regularly. If you're troubleshooting a specific fault, see Problems or Brands for fault-specific pages.

Engineer-written Standards-referenced Updated from live fault data
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Practical guides

Installation and commissioning

What to look for, what to ask, and what to do when things aren't installed correctly.

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For homeowners
Solar installation day checklist

What to check when your solar or battery system is being installed — roof penetrations, cable labelling, inverter location, commissioning tests, and the documentation you must receive. MCS 3002, 3012, BS 7671 referenced.

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Guide
Export limitation explained

Why DNOs set export limits, what G98 and G99 require, how inverters enforce limits using CT clamp data, and what happens when the limit is misconfigured.

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Guide
Smart Export Guarantee explained

How SEG works, which tariffs are available, what your system needs to qualify, and how to check you're being paid the correct amount for your solar exports.

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Firmware
Solar firmware update risks

Settings resets, stalled updates, version incompatibility, and bricked hardware — what can go wrong when updating inverter or battery firmware, and how to recover.

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Grid & DNO
G98 vs G99 explained

Which grid connection standard applies to your system, how Fast Track G99 works, timelines, and what to do if DNO registration was never completed.

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Monitoring
How solar monitoring works

How data flows from your panels to your phone, what the key portal figures mean, why monitoring goes offline, and how to access it after buying a house with solar.

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Tariff
Octopus Flux with solar

How Flux's three-period day works, whether it is worth switching, how to configure every major inverter brand, and what to do when the BST clock shift breaks your schedule.

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FIT
Upgrading panels on a FIT system

Can you replace old panels with higher wattage modules and keep your Feed-in Tariff? Yes — Ofgem confirmed it. How payments are pro-rated, the step-by-step process, and when it makes financial sense.

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Safety
How to shut down your solar system safely

Step-by-step shutdown and restart procedure for maintenance, emergencies, or roof work. AC and DC isolation sequence, battery shutdown, and brand-specific notes for all major inverters.

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Diagnostics
How to read inverter fault codes

What fault codes mean, where to find them, how to read error logs, and when a code means you need an engineer vs when you can fix it yourself. All brands covered.

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FAQs

Common questions

The most common reason is that the timed charge schedule in your inverter or portal is not set correctly, or was reset by a firmware update. Check that timed charge is enabled, the charge window matches your tariff cheap-rate hours, and the target SoC is above your current battery level. If settings look correct, a reversed CT clamp can also prevent overnight charging — the inverter cannot correctly measure grid import, so the charge control logic misfires. See our CT clamps guide and battery not charging for full diagnosis steps.

A CT clamp (current transformer) is a sensor that measures electrical current. On a solar system, CT clamps tell the inverter how much power is being imported from or exported to the grid. If the CT clamp is installed backwards, or on the wrong cable, the inverter receives incorrect data — leading to the battery not charging, the system exporting when it should import, or monitoring showing wrong figures. Most CT clamp issues can be diagnosed remotely using your monitoring data. See the CT clamps guide for the full technical explanation.

Most LiFePO₄ batteries are rated for 4,000–6,000 charge cycles at 80% depth of discharge — roughly 10–15 years of daily use. The main factors affecting lifespan are depth of discharge (shallower cycles = longer life), operating temperature (batteries degrade faster above 35°C or below 5°C), and charge rate. GivEnergy offers a 12-year warranty on their battery modules. See how home battery storage works for the full technical picture.

Key checks include: roof penetrations are sealed, all isolators are correctly labelled, the inverter is mounted in a ventilated location away from direct sunlight, the WiFi dongle is connected and reporting, export limitation is configured if your DNO requires it, the installer runs a full generation test before leaving, and you receive your MCS certificate, G98/G99 notification reference, electrical installation certificate, and system user guide. See the full installation day checklist for every item with its relevant standard.

Yes — the technical guides cover principles that apply across all brands. Battery chemistry, CT clamp physics, and installation standards are the same whether your system is GivEnergy, Solis, SolarEdge, Growatt, or Sunsynk. Where brand-specific settings or behaviours differ, the guides note this and link to the relevant brand page. For brand-specific fault diagnosis, see the Brands section or Fault Codes.

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